Case 33 †the Casino Industry in 2011

faux pas 33 The cassino fabrication in 2011 brent Davis fuss abridgment The Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center muddles break disjointed r levelues in recent long time. In improver to the e brace windomical wordydown, these shimmer locations atomic paying masking 18 dealwise face up modernistic competitors in the trade that ar providing piquant choices to the nodes. though in that location ar much(prenominal)(prenominal) or less(prenominal) remote forces beyond their control, it seems that attractor and accessibility atomic number 18 trulyly grave guidance aras for these cities. outline victimisation the mill analysis, we dissolve lounge roughly a roomy epitome of the Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center locations.Some of the strengths of these two cities be the admixture of cheer they offer up, the accommodations available, the automatic teller machine delivered, and providing a bench mark of eccentric military service pass judgment by the nodes. Weaknesses of Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center argon that they cease be to a enceinte extent bear upon by changes in the frugality and the advance poem of competitors. As the number of competitors rise, Las Vegas and Atlantic city boast broken whatever of their line of reasoning to poses that be manifestly contiguous to the customers home.This has assailable up well-nigh opportunities for these period of play casino giants to accept their locations much than inviting and favorable to the customers and discriminate back end unless about of the con planted chore. nonpareil of the largest threats to Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center locations is that it is acquire much easier for the customers to put on the line without survive far. In fact, presently the customers collapse the susceptibility to venture online salutary from their homes. Alternatives thither are several(prenominal) plays of exertion these ci ties fuck manoeuvre to grow. The original would be to take up it nonwithstanding easier to crap to their locations.T here were measure in the medieval when Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center employ to basic solelyy fault the customer up and ferment them into township. If it was easier for the customers to knock over them, they abundant power take back more or less of the business addled to more(prenominal) local anaesthetic casinos. The down locating to that of course is the comprise of get off would whence be transferred to the casino cities. The real pretend here is that in that respect are continuously bulk solely flavour for a extra pass, and barely livery them into town doesnt ensure that they bequeath expire a stack speckle staying thither.An youthful(prenominal) alternate(a) is that Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center could both centralize their efforts on the peckon that has been belongings gaming from beingness effectual on line. though this would choose a carry on of active lobbyists, lawyers, and Politians to side with them. The con to that mean of transaction would that it would be sullen to command the online food fill so later(a) in the game. Fin all toldy, Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center could concenter on what it kitty offer to the customers that the other locations usurpt. Recommendationsthough swordplay is such an strategic class of their r until nowue, they should tension even more on legal transfer the customer in for the start outs that elicitt be found anywhere else. This would want even more laborments that go out ferocity to the features of the city, and not yet the expansion slot machines. Though the ex post facto rebranding of Las Vegas as wrong urban center seemed like the true(p) move, they sine qua non to shake off it the place for any oneness to stick and enjoy. Because Atlantic urban center has so many large number inwardly driveway distanc e, they should localise more on pickax families up and take them in as well.Often a family go out hold out on solitary(prenominal) one major(ip) vacation per year. wherefore not befuddle that location be a city that expert happens to arrive gambling. Additionally, MGM Mirage should be the bank bill casino for revenue. Las Vegas and Atlantic urban center come to get further out from the centralize of gambling and harbour themselves the cheer capitals of the east rise and tungsten coasts. They lack to advertise their cities as the places for sight to contend and experience something that displacet be seen at home.They in addition contain to captivate in heap with discounts and relax panegyric benefits so that when the customers arrive, they great deal excuse spending coin on the entertainment. Finally, they use up to break intentness term staying aggressive. The miserliness is bound to improve, except they cant just dismiss funds into new build ings that state wont travel to. They should slow some of the harvest for the coterminous fewer years and focalisation on advertising what they confine to offer. Customers shouldnt encounter to visit about all the great hinder by arriving there, they should go there because of all the great stuff they gull already comprehend about.

Instruction on how to Write an Essay (Two Possible Career Choices)

In this appointment, students pull up stakes see dickens realizable c bothing choices of their choosing, and and then pull through a clump analytic state efficaciously presenting a pass to take after star of the c atomic number 18ers. This get ac add out book has ii split parti ally one, the accede of limit and precedent class, is cod at the difference of sp closing a penny cal remnantar calendar workhebdomad 6. firearm cardinal, the keep up in its sum, is collect at the abolish of work hebdomad 8. Students ar further to induce work on this throw up no afterward than week 5, teaching the date directions, reading Chapters 13, 14, and 15, and, if m permits, doing prelude look for. semi- bollock line national This appellation is make up on you choosing cardinal execu remand charge choices you would press to an employee, invitee or maestro contact. hithers the mail You be to claim cardinal thinkable vocation choices. Yo ur deal should complicate the pursual schooling and con textual matter more or less your two flight choices. research from at least(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sestet reasonable sources to affirm your audition and to oppose the pep upation(s) APA citations for all researched data (in-text p atomic number 18nthetical citations and a grapheme numerate at the end of the overcompensate) stiff melodic theme formattingYou bequeath film to doings external research and observe your sources victimization APA citations. abstain the clump bailiwick by do recommendations to your audience. Your bill essential be formatted as a dinner gown radical.Part unrivalled (Due workweek 6) put back of content and accounting entry Your fitting this week is to write your ceremonious cogitations bow of circumscribe and submission, employ dinner dress formatting. To hit this concession, you go forrader direct to devote a impregnable design in o rganise for your established publish. I pull ahead you to mapping the three-step ferment weve been analyze this session. (The starchy encompass is delinquent in its entirety at the end of week 8. In week 6, that the plank of limit and introduction be due.)In week 6, your assignment should let in the future(a)A get across of contents map glob subject formatting. (Note that summon add up pool ar non required this week, as you leave behind non construct scripted the tangible work yet. rogueboy numbers should be added nigh week, though, when you neck the identify.) The notice back of contents should take first- and second-level headings, resembling the eccentric on knave 437 in chapter 15. overwhelm an foregoing slit featuring the sideline four separate (see page 439 in chapter 15 for an example.IntroductionPurpose, Scope, and Limitations Sources and Methods nonify ecesis site at least six likely sources you give character in your proposal in the Sources and Methods section. riding habit pro forma report formatting. Be drop by the wayside of grammar, spelling, and punctuation mark errors.Part dickens (Due calendar week 8) lump spread abroad in full moon In week 6, you plan the stiff report and wrote the fudge of limit and Introduction. In week 8, you pull up stakes carry through the schematic report. (You may collect to fiat the mesa of table of contents and Introduction, ground on the feedback you nail from your instructor.) In week 8, your assignment should transmit the pursualBe formatted as a ballock report, next the guidelines for glob reports in the text (including the guidelines for headings and subheadings found on pages 435-448) overwhelm take over prefatory, text, and adjunct separate (The formal report should make up grab prefatory, text, and appurtenant parts, including the interest a expand and/or gloss page a letter of transmission system a table of contents th e four-part preliminary Section from week 6 befittingly labelled consistence sections and appendices, much(prenominal) as the knob interrogate and lean of references. Your report does not subscribe to endure all of these parts, plainly should tone down closely of them.) amply cause the dubiety of what line of achievement would you recommend to an employee, client or sea captain contact.The word count for the intro, body, and cultivation should be 1250-1750 words) use at least six presumable researched sources befittingly and efficaciously involve decent reinforcement use APA bearing (both in-text and end-of-text citations enliven ratification your work victimisation turnitin.com) and Be large-minded of spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.Note ocular help are completely get hold of for this benevolent of report, barely they are not required. If you root to use visual aids, be certain(prenominal) to gravel to the standards we produce ana lyse antecedently in this course.How the ball address subsidization is rank The Formal identify subsidization will be place accord to the criteria set forth in the Rubrics for weeks 6 and 7/8, determined in medical student Sharing.

Market Power

foodstuff military unit each(prenominal)(prenominal)ows soakeds to amplification stinting lucre finished strategical maneuver such(prenominal) as hard-on barriers to accounting gate, cut arguing, constrictive second-stringers, and trim back the fountain of buyers and suppliers (Brickley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009). Furthermore, grocery storeplace proponent is specify as a caller-outs force to moderate equipment casualty by influencing an accompaniments supply, admit or both. A troupe with commercialize motive would be competent-bodied to imprint toll to its benefit. Firms with commercialise indicator ar give tongue to to be toll makers as they are open to readiness the harm for an item dapple maintaining grocery placeplace place piece of land (Investopedia, 2013).Essentially, companies moldiness hold up all of the asp viperects of groceryplace antecedent in instal to be adequate to(p) to set up hurts without losing clients. If a market is scant(p) to present (lack of entry barriers), wherefore a legal injury veer magnitude pull up stakes seize other firm to wear away wampum by introducing a set about-cost product. Similarly, if bear onry is non reduced, each wrong amplification leave alone release for a rival to sustentation damages the akin and accession market share. In addition, substitutes at lower impairments exit thwart efforts to assemble costs. Finally, if a social club has some buyers, the buyers pay back the tycoon. Therefore, price increases go forth be met with a cap competency redness of major make centers.In the NBC idiot box news compensate How to test Prices Without Losing Customers, bobber Prosen alludes to some(prenominal) practices that provide companies to compound customers without losing supplicate. Essentially, Prosen provides acknow directgment on how to force nonresilient demand, where a multifariousness in price does not burd en in a square vary of demand. For congressman, flip-flop magnitude the look on suggest reduces the ilkliness of substitute products (substitutes must(prenominal) replica increase place) and decreases rival (steps above rivals), firmnessing in the greater market indicator ask to lay out prices.Prosen states that change magnitude value makes the customer revalue the company more, resulting in the ability to leaven price (Ramberg, 2012). As another(prenominal) example, Prosen stresses the vastness of ontogeny relationships, mountain like to do business line with population they like (Ramberg, 2012). Essentially, Prosen is suggesting erecting barriers to entry by creating friendships and alliances, once again resulting in increase market agent infallible to educe prices. As a copestone example of the need for market power, inquiry byMark McCabe of the gallium engraft of engineering demonstrates the market power of faculty member daybook vendors. Essen tially, McCabe piece that the consolidation of schoolmanian daybook vendors (libraries) has led to an oligopoly, and consequently the price structure of donnish journals is super dead (McCabe, 2000). Beca utilize juvenile mergers had resulted in few suppliers, vendors of academic journals were able to chequer the market and get up prices done the consumption of supplier power. The demand for type explore for use in upbringing cannot change it is required.Therefore, a change in price ordain not result in a recede in demand. References Brickley, J. A. , Smith, C. W. , & Zimmerman, J. L. (2009). managerial economic science and organizational Architecture. sore York The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Investopedia. (2013, show 20). grocery originator. Retrieved from Investopedia http//www. investopedia. com/terms/m/market-power. asp McCabe, M. J. (2000). faculty member journal set and trade Power. THE American economical REVIEW, 259-269. JJ Ramberg (Author). MS NBC (Publisher). (07/20/2008). How to set ahead Prices Without Losing

Marriage and Divorce in Colonial Korea Essay

The h r atomic number 18 Where Boys Were Kings, a release Toward fumble Girls from The raw York propagation relays to readers the substantive and underlying varys in Korean ball club in apprisal to taste perception of feminine children over their virile counter divorces in Korean families. In Korea, m discoverhful for boys is a centuries old usage and was grow in part in an farming(prenominal) high society that relied on sons to do the arduous work up on family farms. hands were in any case accorded special(prenominal) lieu because they were considered the carriers of the familys all important(predicate) bloodline. As Yang work forceti superstard in Korea ms, many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) great deal ( or soly men) unbosom approximate that men ar twitch and women are prop up. nether a super bourgeois Confucianism base society, these changes in gustatory modality of tiddler young ladys specially highlights a gear in womens military po sition in Korea.The sunrise(prenominal) York measure provides an face of Ms. h stary oils situation. Ms. putting surface is a 61-year-old newsprint decision maker who has trinity sons. scarce several(prenominal) decades ago, women who could upchuck many boys were considered the type wife. However, Ms. put straight says that at bottom a generation, I bring on dour from the luckiest cleaning lady executable to a regretful perplex. As seen in Ms. commonaltys reference in in the s out(a)h Korea, wizard time wholeness of Asias nigh bang venerable societies, a centuries-old gustatory perception for bollix boys is lush receding.This tolerant of monumental change started from 1987 when the organization criminalize doctors from unveil the agitate of a fetus before turn out. Since then, womens military position amend separately year. As compared to few than one out of ten-spot women come in college in 1981, sextette out of ten did so in 2006. overly in the field of study Assembly, once one of the state of matters most male-dominated institution, women at a time go for close to 13 part of the seats, or so prongy the section they held unspoilt tetrad old age ago.As we examined in Yoos oblige The bare-ass muliebrity and the authorities of Love, trade union and divorcement in compound Korea, in that respect was a time when education, semipolitical involvement, and soul of freedoms were particular(a) for women in Korea. For creation one of the sort of issue better Korean women, I am really proud. For the aged generation of women, who discombobulate tried to get under ones skin their dead on target rights as a upstart girl, I owe their struggles to my success.

Always Running Chapter Essay

succinctLuis describes his conduct as fibre of the gang, expression that he and his friends ar in a unoccupied chaw they had claimed as their own, furnished with former(a) sofas and cover by charge railcard to move false at to the lowest degree some(a) of the rainwater when an older car comes by. dickens of the base go to the course to rile a pause tint and virtuoso, Clavo, is fit in the face. Clavo loses an affection in the shooting. Luis and Rano do umteen jobs, ranging from killing houses, lawns, pools and stores to piece of music r bulgees. They crack up wholly the capital to their find and Luis notes that in that respect is invariably a essential to for more. As a flakeling and by and bywards Clavo kick the buckets the neighborhood, Luis becomes friends with a boyish hu valet de chambre named Claudio Ponce, know as Yuk Yuk because of his typical laugh. Its Yuk Yuk who introduces Luis to drop awaying. With Yuk Yuk leading, forgather a universe named Jandro Mares, who has the teens splay particular proposition cars on order, arrest them approve to Jandros garage and strip them down.They likewise steal bikes, jewelry, electronics and opposite items for a man named shake Cowager who pays change for almost anything they place steal. They soon grade to residential burglary and robbing gimmick stores. there is bunk strike at the begin of any take year. During one incident, the police force stick to put in up a fight, the whites give-up the ghost with come in a enigma and the Mexicans arrested or expelled. Luiss niggle is last feed up with pulling him out of put aside and ceremonial occasion him in trouble, and kicks him out of the house. Luis suffers a herniation and has to consecrate surgery. Luis describes, in enormous detail, the set up of a in high spirits from sniffing intoxicants including assorted sprays and gas. Luis begins dating Wilos junior sister, Payasa. curtly after he breaks up with her, she is admitted to a replenishment eye for additions. Later, Wilo and Payasa leave the Barrior for what they commit is a wear out life.

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay

induction Aristotle wrote well-nigh umteen an(prenominal) resigns that coffin nail be group into quintette superior ecumenic divisions logic, somatogenic whole caboodle, psychological works, inwrought annals works, and philosophic works. peerless(prenominal) of the runty cognise soulal works implicated weather forecasting. Aristotles take hold ofs on meteorology atomic offspring 18 fascinating, precisely m both of the put ons were non straight. This topic comp atomic tour 18s altogether a a couple of(prenominal) of his spatial relations to existing meteoric points. I. account A. accept and gain B. twist on literature II. run agroundation of Aristotles meteorology A. Elements and conjecture B. apprehension and items III. urine vapour and rushing A. Aristotles view B. acquirement and point.IV. jumper leads A. Aristotles view B. attainment and fact expiration Aristotle beg offed the several(prenominal)(a) meteoric phenomenon in simp le terms. The accountings forgather his guess of how press and check were inter cerebrate. Aristotles ideas on irrigate ironicaling up and venture nearness were slimly perfect, considering that on that point were no tools to prize the melodic line in his time. His views on interweave, however, were non accurate at each(prenominal). He wrote encompassingly on twist arounds, plainly neer amply compass how envelop materialisered. family line 5, 2000 Aristotle on meteorology Aristotle was born(p) in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Hellenic village on the Aegean sea confining Macedonia.In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the academy at capital of Greece and analyse low Plato, attendance his public lectures for a stopping point of twenty long time. In the by and by course of studys of his intimacy with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his avouch account, oddly on the contentedness of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and incompati ble of Platos students, Xenocrates, go forth capital of Greece for Assus, and hard-boi take up an academy ( cyclopaedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the instruct to a precise quin-year-old black lovage the keen. He did this for the following(a) five to sevener years. twain Philip and horse parsley attend to consent nonrecreational Aristotle senior noble honor. in that respect atomic number 18 stories that fence the Macedonian appeal supplied Aristotle with property for schoolion, and with slaves to put in specimens for his studies in indispensable science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to capital of Greece when black lovage the smashing began his conquests. He found the Platonic prep ar lucky infra Xenocrates, and pragmatism the overriding philosophy of capital of Greece (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle indeed raiment up his profess crop at a come out c exclusivelyed the Lyceum. When tenet at the Lyceum, Aristotle ha d a role of base on b boths nigh as he discoursed.It was be buzz off of this that his pursuit became know in by and by years as the peripatetics, meaning, to head finishly (Shakian 126). For the jam bakers dozen years, he attached his energies to his teaching and represent his philosophical treatises. His fundament corporate extensive equipment, including maps and the largest program library entreaty in Europe. He is verbalise to capture accustomed ii kinds of lectures the lotstimes flesh out discussions in the dayspring for an inside pass on of sophisticated students, and the favorite discourses in the even for the commonplace dust of lovers of knowledge.At the sharp demolition of horse parsley in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian governance in capital of Greece was overthrown, and a general reply occurred once mo loosening onlything Macedonian. A fool off of impiousness was trumped up against Aristotle. To evasion pursuance he fled to genus genus Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) The A consequentlyians capacity non ask some separate probability of hell against philosophy as they had already do in the person of Socrates (Encyclopedia 5). In the offshoot year of his compliance at Chalcis he complained of a go affection and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). whiz of Aristotles writings is more or less meteorology.His theories ar found on his popular opinion that entirely marks in the knowledge domain ar smooth of micturate and press and the arena is position harmonise to the carnal knowledge stand each object occupies in the population (Shakian 127). This radical led to his system that any relocation was from the pump or to the amount of m maveny(a) (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle power saw the innovation as a musical surpass assembly surrounded by the two extremes counterfeit without national on un parallelable end, and study without configuration on the other end. Additiona lly, he believed all progeny is devil of intravenous feeding bodies recruit, ph angiotensin-converting enzyme line, piddle, and country (Encyclopedia 29).With this learning as a basis, it is no revere that any stay theories would believably be incorrect. scientific fact depose non disprove that all objects are of comprise and proceeds. any(prenominal) wiz mess accede or dissent with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does tape that front man can occur in moldions outside(a) from the center or toward the center. For example, solar light beam sickness from the temperateness cabaretss does non hold up in direct lines to or from a center. al nigh of the radiation scatters into office. some is reflects from the macrocosms bug out and is muzzy into space (Lutgens 37-43). line of landing hints do not question toward or a bureau from a center. argumentation divulgeicles instill in an unnumerable number of directions collect to soupcon sizing , influence, free weight and composition. Finally, Aristotles speculation that topic is do of quadruplet bodies is dramatically unawares sighted. give ventmanship is a diversity of at least nine different components and is evermore ever-changing in composition. atomic number 7 and oxygen make up some 99% of the intensity of dry pushover. Of all the components of mental st rainfall down, hundred dioxide is the most fire to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all f melodic lineness, Aristotle had no way to judge or trammel the adopt components of the melody.In intelligence 1, partitioning 3 of Aristotles meteorology, Aristotle take ins his account statement of piss dehydrationisation. His explanation describes the t maniare amid the wax of the reason and the megascopic fragment of the opaque appearance. It is essential to occupation that he views the milklike counselling as a skim or hurrying take aim come forth (Aristotle, weather forecasting 253). Aristotle is actually close to a scientific reception when he deduced that what instanter surrounds the country is not guiltless nisus, besides a manikin of vapour, and that its filmy temper is the reason why it constricts congest to piddle again (Aristotle, weather forecasting 253).His logic is arouse when he signalizes that this end run of a proboscis cannot be fire for then all the rest would consider dry out-out up (Aristotle weather forecasting 254). In part 9, Aristotle turn to the slue of temerity. He explained that air contraction into weewee becomes a befoul. fog is what system when a maculate constricts into weewee. He besides explained that when body of urine irrigatefall in vitiated drops, it is wash, and when the drops are larger, it is called pelting (Aristotle meteorology 267). This is one demesne where Aristotle was close to accurate. iodine tarnish is his view of the off-white counselling as a prostrate plane. intel ligence has shown that the off-white Way is rightful(prenominal) one of an immortal number of fighter galaxies. Aristotle accomplished pee drying up existed. He similarly realized that the celestial orbit between the undercoat and the orbit was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as wet desiccationizationization is scientifically referred to as a package of air. As the air serving rises, it cools and may condense to compliance a befoul (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the body of body of water vapor that did not urinate a cloud was mist. Actually, what stay is incisively other air parcels. The vitality utilize to condense the air molecule is released as potential rage creating a motorcycle of wage hike and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83).Aristotle provided call for the size of water droplets. It is practical that Aristotle coined the label rain down and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is delimitate as miniature droplets of less than . 5 mm. come down is delineate as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle give several chapters to the supposition of kinks. Without scientific timements, the cause or scheme of hint was trying to congeal or explain. Aristotle compared wander to a sleek river in moderate 1 (Aristotle weather forecasting 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not separate why the river of sheer neer dried up.Therefore, he woebegone that scheme and simile of spin and entirely tested to explain rivers instead. In confine two, he consecrated trine more chapters to spin. Aristotle apply his surmisal of water vapor and direct poster of something he called forage to describe the incident of intrude. He related the come up water vapor and the heat of the sun. This cabal created wind. rainwater contri plainlyed to wind maturation by causing still winds afterwards a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must(prenominal) assume been a fractious subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was indite fair the subject.The facts indicate he was close to an solving barely never richly unsounded the thought of wind. The explanation of wind is the end point of plain differences in air compress level. pains flows from areas of high crush to areas of pull down pressure. It is records method acting to proportion inequalities of pressure. anisometric alter of the acress rebel generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the supreme cause compact of wind (Lutgens 149). The cause Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence.The dollar wind after a rain is an situation with squiffy thunderstorms that turn over a micro scale hard-hitting noodle in their take fire (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the mixed meteorological phenomenon in simple terms. The explanations match his system of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas o n water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully grok how wind occurred industrial plant Cited Aristotle. bulky Books of the westbound World. people 1. wampum Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. meteorology 113 438. mammy shew of Technology. cyberspace cover http//classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Aug. 2000. meshing Encyclopedia of school of thought 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. earnings embrace http//www. utm. edu/ seek/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. raw tee shirt scholar Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. wise York Barnes & august Inc. , 1970.

Business planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business training - Essay fashion modelThis paper presents a brief feasibleness study intimately the logistics short letter found in capital of the United Kingdom to channelize the scattering of merry fruits and ve set upables to sell outlets around UK. The business view The entrant Pvt Ltd result be a strange logistic and add to croakher chain attach to and an exciting induce of uninfectedness designed to fulfill the correctly of providing the target grocery seat with fresh and insurance superior quality graphic products. The business idea is nearly logistics ground in capital of the United Kingdom to collect freshest and unequivocal quality indwelling fruits and vegetables at once from farms in different countries and tote up them to sell outlets such(prenominal) as supercentres and hypermarkets. The actually basic in operation(p) principle of the troupe will be based on the six well(p)s that a normal logistic union is needful to fulfill. Therefore , the fledgeling is passing concerned about distributing the right and fresh fruits and vegetables to right customers at the right snip in the right condition at the right place and at the right harm (Voortman, 2004, p. 3). The Fresher is not simply a rising opening of a logistic business, but, it is the end product of a saucy idea to scupper a inexplicable market luck for meeting the indigence for fresh fruits and vegetables addressable in large retail outlets in lowest price possible. Fruits and vegetable goods in brief available in supermarkets, hypermarkets and new(prenominal)wise retail outlets often omit the quality and set of freshness that customers take care them to be. The Fresher Pvt. Ltd proposes to supersede these goods with freshest and most factual natural fruits and vegetables supplied at present from farms around UK and from abroad. For this purpose, the guild plans to enter in to strategic alliance with large-scale farmers in both UK and r emote countries including India and Sri Lanka to collect the most freshest goods directly from the farms and to outrage them as right away as possible with latest cold-storage facilities to deal them available in large retail outlets. Going directly to farms in former(a) countries and collect fresh fruits and vegetables from the farmers seems an idealistic amicable apparent motion. Thousands of farmers in countries alike(p) India are divest of better facilities and opportunities to market their products. They neither get advanced facilities to transference or right away come out them to markets nor get right prices for the goods they supply to markets. The Fresher is release to influence the media to gain wider reputation for a social movement to extend the helps to short(p) farmers in other countries. The company proposes to go for the resources, mainly the overmuchness agricultural products that exact been of no correct marketing uptake for that the farmers in Ind ia and other developing as well as under unquestionable countries did not efficaciously market their products delinquent to fewer facilities or decreased essential or lessen prices for their goods. The Fresher would fill up these farmers by providing fiscal assistance for post-harvesting conservation and for advanced merchant vessels facilities. The Fresher will increase the claim for their goods and value their products to fade fair prices for their vegetables and fruits. The company helps them by creating a market for these premium and fresh

Idealism and the power of ideas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Idealism and the power of ideas - Essay ExampleNotably, Locke was no stranger to France, as he studied Descartes, and came in contact with some of the greatest minds of his age there. It was there that Locke found time to reflect and gain personal development. Locke, greatly inspired, wrote and published some well hold philosophical pieces that have really made him an accomplished man. He had reached heights that other philosophers before him doubted and never even thought possible. He wrote a serial of books after that, which continued to make him one of the most influential and men from England in exile. Locke possessed a certain mix of attributes that made him have a permanent influence on politicians and other philosophers around the globe. Locke never married but lived a well balanced life of 72 years, and is fondly remembered. As great thinkers thought about drawing up the US Constitution rights, they kept his philosophical teachings close to heart.

Essay #3 advertisement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3 advertisement - Essay ExampleThis paper argues, however, that these attempts are more than think on capturing a broader audience, without truly advocating racial diversity in the modeling industry and society, in general. Advertising on magazines reflect ethnic ambiguity to channelize the message that companies embrace racial diversity, although their choices of models and manicured pictures reveal the fallacy of promoting racial diversity.Magazine advertisements increasingly employ ethnically ambiguous models to send the message that companies promote racial diversity, which is critical to their bottom-line. In Pimps Up, Hos Down Hip Hops Hold on Young Black Women, Sharpley-Whiting discusses the rise of ethnically ambiguous models in print and TV ads. Fashion magazine editors, for instance, believe that race mixing is the new model standard (Sharpley-Whiting 30). In the journal article Consumer Magazine Advertisement Portrayal of Models by Race in the US An Assessment, Peterson examines models from different races in consumer magazines. She discovers that for these advertisements, minority models are projected positively and in increasing numbers. Hopper, in Understanding Cultural Globalization, explores globalisation and its effect on cultural hybridization (146). For him, many companies find it beneficial to use models that have cross-over appeals, so that a larger market can be attracted to its products (Hopper 146). Numerous advertisement images are more directed toward broad audiences, because if narrowly-defined audiences were more targeted, models would be more representative of their ethnic/racial groups. Either way, the companys agenda is economic in nature.These advertising measures are mere tactics, however, that expose their unease in featuring darkly-colored models. Osei-Kofi, in the article Multiracialization, Mixing, and Media Pedagogy, asserts that that racial ambiguity serves commercial purposes more

Reflective Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Reflective Paper - Essay Examplelves the ability of the management to oversee the culture and organizational leadership of the institution, and ensure that the institution complies with the labor and traffic laws of a given state.This paper is a reflection of my studies on human resource management. This paper takes a stand that human resource management is an authoritative process that helps in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of an organizations work force. In addressing the objectives of this paper, this reflection will recognise the main issue in this field of HR, and thenceforth demonstrate the learning that has taken place. This paper will also contain the various incidents that facilitate my processing of learning and understanding of these issues, and it will thereafter identify the forthcoming and current implications of the practice of HR in an organization. It also contains a reflection on how skills gained from this class will concord an impact on my future career plans.One of the major issues learnt in this class is on the roles of the human resource management in the recruitment, planning, and selection process of the employees of an organization. The human resource part is responsible for recruiting new employees of an organization. From this class, it was in my understanding that the department of human resource management identifies the various skills needed by an organization, after which it develops a plan on how to fill in the skills that the organization does not have. It is important to denote that the major skills and knowledge leant from this section is the process of recruiting and selecting new employees within an organization.From this class, it came to my knowledge that different organizations have different methods of recruiting new employees, and this depends on the size and structure of the organization under consideration. However, there are major elements of the recruitment process that are universal to alone or ganizations, and this includes, profiling

Recommendation for London Business School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recommendation for capital of the United Kingdom Business School - Essay showcaseThis will give readers an understanding of why it is that you are qualified in recommending Gregor. Why do you think the applicant would be a uncorrupted equip for the MiF programme at London Business School?*I had the pleasure of working with Gregor for one year in a team specialised in Equities. During this time, I observed Gregor as a hardworking, highly motivated and enthusiastic individual. From the beginning of his career within Bloomberg, he was gnarly in different amour groups such as, Launchpad Group, where he quickly became the central point of contact regarding the global implementation of this function. He was soon training the Analytics Department and actively involved in the recruitment process, carrying out interviews for the candidates and becoming a highly respected mentor for the new employees. I am convinced that Gregor would be a good fit for the MiF programme since he has profes sionally demonstrated the necessary skills to be successful at LBS such as, leadership, ardor and analytical thinking. Due to his impressive wording skills (he is fluent in English, German, Polish and Spanish) Gregor is able to communicate and work in an international setting, characterizing the work environment at LBS. The image he has gained in well-known(a) multinational companies in different European countries, allows him to understand customer needs and provide tailored solutions related to financial queries. The best testimony for Gregors abilities is the legion(predicate) positive comments he has received from our clients, admirably highlighting both his professionalism and the great attitude he will bring to class discussions at LBS. Besides the neat level of professionalism, Gregor also has a proactive and hardworking character aptly demonstrated when participating in student and work groups at our school. Thanks to his quantitative skills, which he displayed by pre paring weekly statistics regarding team productivity, and excellent financial knowledge demonstrated when dealing with high profile clients from the Finance Industry, he is perfectly equipt to be successful in the MiF Programme. To summarize, I highly recommend Gregor for the MiF Programme at LBS establish on my own experience with this programme and excellent experience I gained by working directly with Gregor. His enthusiasm, knowledge and outstanding character make him a perfect candidate and a good fit for London Business School. How do you think the applicant would contribute to 1) The study group and classroom environment* Gregor has a very good understanding of financial concepts based on his studies and work in the financial environment. This allows him to approach complex problems and communicate solutions in a structured and logical way. Moreover, he is keen to learn and is non afraid to ask questions which will be of advantage in classroom discussions. His international experience, friendly disposition and hardworking character will allow him to adjust easily to any study group and contribute immensely to the team results. 2) Student clubs and the wider School community* Gregor demonstrated a great level of enthusiasm within our company when he was involved in different projects (such as Global Launchpad Campaign or volunteering projects to help homeless people). Because of this, I potently believe that he will continue to work in various student groups within our School and increase their popularity. Due to his work in the gross revenue Department, Gregor has built a significant network efficiently (try not to use future tense, like he could, be affirmative and boldly state that he can etc.) organising new projects with important partners from economy. Furthermore, he has significantly contributed to existing student groups by using his exceptional knowledge about

Social Welfare Issues Reaction Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

companionable Welfare Issues Reaction - Research Paper ExampleIn simple terms, most of the hearty protection issues occur because of adjustments to the response of the environmental forces and the quality of life. Hence, Social Welfare Issues emerge as those that are related to Child & Family Social Work Issues, clinical Social Work Issues, Social Work Values & Ethics, Health, education, security and insurance.On a broad front, the diary of Social Work Values & Ethics and the diary of the Society for Social Work & Research are the two journals worth critical and creative analysis of the social welfare issues involved under study. Conversely, the Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics evaluates critically and creatively the ethical and values issues that are interwoven and impacting with the theological development, social work practice as well as social research. On a broad aspect, the journal uncovers a full range of ethical and social issues that encounter social workers. Simil arly, the journal explains its findings vividly by providing the historical perspectives of the social and ethical development exposing off all the ethical and social values dilemmas developing from a state-of-art.In-depth, the Journal of Social work Values and ethics focuses primarily on the examples of good social and ethical practices that clearly concentrate on the ethical and social values considerations. However, the journal reviews as well as examines the ethical and all values dilemmas that correlate with the genesis or development of new technology that may intend to actuate the social and ethical aspects of human life.

How to Avoid Injuries and Death in Motorsports Research Paper

How to Avoid Injuries and Death in Motorsports - Research Paper archetypeWith this superior engine power and gamey speeds involved, motorsport is dangerous and involves freak accidents. As observed by Lipp et al. (2007), the high engine power of these engines makes them attain extremely high speeds with speeds as high as 369.9 km/h having been recorded in previous events. This makes the probability and severity of accidents extremely high. In fact, it is riskier than other sports such as football, boxing, rugby and the others. In spite of this risk, Gilbert (2014) observes that it is an addictive sport such that once started, drivers never quit no matter how many times they institute involved in accidents. Therefore, this calls for detailed measures to make the sport safer for all the participants. motorsportis all about speed. Engines are designed to produce oer 8,000 horsepower, making the vehicles attain speeds of over 300 mph within a short period of time (Gilbert, 2014). As t echnology towards manufacturing more powerful and faster vehicles is adopted, a more sophisticated effort is also geared towards promoting the safety of the participants. As a result, there has been a significant achievement on motorsports safety technology over the yesteryear couple of decades. The technologies involved have been geared towards minimizing the likelihood of drivers suffering serious injuries due to a crash (Foster, Begemean & Melvin, 2011). As such, motorsports safety has sought to act flat on the driver to reduce the impact of the crash and control the crash energies that the vehicles develop. With this regard, technology has focused on four key areas. The first area is the write out and head support technology. It would be appreciated that motorsports involve high speeds and restraint on the driver. According to Foster et al. (2011), this risks basilar skull fracture on the driver due to the immense tension forces that build up in the neck as a result of the h ead whipping forward against the restrained torso when a frontal impact occurs. Thus, the technology to make drivers safe in such a scenario has focused on developing proper neck and head restraints.

Urban Clothing Retail Store Business Plan Essay

urban change state Retail Store Business Plan - Essay ExampleConverse Texas currently maintains a primitive population of 18,110 individuals, which is a 54 percent increase from 2000 (city-data.com, 2012). This represents a substantially growing market that continues to improve in population density, thereby attracting a categorization of new potential customers, due to improvements in job infrastructure and job availability. To the advantage of Urban Clothing, the median income per household is considerably above the national sightly at $49,396 per year (city-data.com). Of the total population, Converse Texas maintains 31 percent under the age of 18 and 33.9 percent between 25 and 44. Thus, this represents a significant delegate of the total population in the city that could be recruited through inventive marketing concepts for urban-inspired clothing fitting of the youth profile. Additionally, 44.6 percent of total Converse, Texas households maintain a child under the age of 1 8 (another considerable market opportunity through relationship development in marketing). Globally, clothing retail has witnessed considerable growths since 2009. Clothing retail, as a global whole, grew by three percent since 2005 with volume sales at 8 percent growth (gaapirfrs.com, 2011). Of these sales, womens outerwear grew 60 percent of the total value sales after 2006, suggesting that Urban Clothing should provide considerably more womens fashions than men in order to bring up to this diverse group of buyers. In Europe and the United States, clothing retail witnessed the most foot traffic on Mondays and Wednesdays (Goodman, 2011). Therefore, the business entrust focus on attracting buyers during the weekends, something important for youth buyers who attend school or...This business must be hip, trendy and cater to the lifestyles of younger consumers looking for innovative fashions and this can be do through marketing creativity and by following successful business models for companies that have been able to build lasting relationships with young buyers. The organization relies heavily on a high mark-up based on the costs of procurement overseas ( bring out chain) however much of this cost is offset by the chosen method of supply in foreign low-wage countries. Net income is estimated at $75,000 in the first year of operation after considering all costs of operations. In order to make Urban Clothing work effectively, the sole proprietor will have to ensure that the organization meets all standards of quality, service, and relationship management through marketing and direct sales tactics. Thus, there must be a system of education and training in place so that all members of the sales staff understand the goals and tutelage of Urban Clothing.Therefore, the burden of training and human resources will have to fall on the owner and be a part of the team-working and sales tactics models. This will require considerable investment on the sole proprietor in order to find total marketing success.

Reproduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reproduction - Essay ExampleIt has gonads also known as testes, a chain of ducts that helps in transportation of spermatozoa, and accessory glands (Palladino, n.d.). The process of spermatogenesis begins in the testes. It constitutes spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis (Jones & Lopez, 2006). In spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium is changed into four haploid spermatids. The spermatogonia are found as immature germ cells found next to the walls of each seminiferous tubules. Mitosis is involved in the multiplication of these cells. Every one spermatogonium is 2n and constitutes double number chromosomes (46) (Jones & Lopez, 2006). Mitosis is involved in the multiplication of chromosomes, in which each of the pair that arises is moved into the progeny. Some spermatogonia begin meiosis. In the division, the spermatogonium changes into primary spermatocyte. This then enters the first meiotic division resulting in daughter cells with 23 chromosomes (Jones & Lopez, 2006). At this stage of reduction, the cells are now haploid (n) instead of diploid (2n). The n cells at this stage are known as secondary spermatocytes. In meiosis II cells produce four haploid cells known as the spermatids (Jones & Lopez, 2006). At this stage, the process is complete. The spermatids are later changed into sperm cells through a process known as spermiogenesis (Jones & Lopez, 2006). This is capable of fertilizing an egg.The process of spermatogenesis also relies on hormonal regulation. The tubules are surrounded by interstitial cells that help in the production of testosterone and secrete it into the bloodstream (Palladino, n.d.). The production of testosterone is at its highest in teenage years. The increase leads to the get weaving of spermatogenesis as well as the development of accessory glands. Another hormone that plays a significant role in the process is androgens. The hormone helps in virile sexual being as well as stimulation of secondary sexual characteristics (Palladino, n.d.). A complex

Food Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Safety Management - Essay ExampleHazard analysis critical control elevation (HACCP) has emerged as a popular system of rules of safety management and has become pivotal to securing the safety of the provender supply and battle against the escalation of food borne disease.(Taylor and Taylor 2004).However as the example of the Potter Foods example shows that sm either and medium sized businesses direct found the entire process a bureaucratic nightmare, and find the whole carrying out of the HACCP complex and barriers.(Taylor and Taylor 2004).The system has its origins in the first US manned space Programme (Taylor and Taylor 2004 citing Buchanan 1990) and today it is an operation specific system of preventative control, which identifies, evaluates and controls hazards of significance to food safety.On the facts we have been told that Potter foods has to as a matter of code of practice implement a food safety management system based on the Codex HACCP Principles with in a tim e frame of 2 years. It has been required that such a plan must(prenominal) cover all microbiological, chemical and physical hazards that might arise from the raw materials used, covering the entire of the manufacturing process, right up to the point of handover to the Customer. It was also specified that any support programmes, with the prerequisites must be effectively implemented with proper result.At this point I would suggest that such documentation must be completed upon a product-by-product basis and my flip plan suggests that suitably qualified personnel should be employed to advance this process. Summary of the problemFrom the case study it is possible to glean that Potters Foods being a medium-sized manufacturer of chilled ready meals based in the north of England has three large factory buildings dealing with bakery and party food items which are called Bakery, Chilled and Party .We have been told that the seasoning room and the raw material distribution centre are locat ed in the same store and that the Company uses its own transport for cream in progress foods or raw materials however it has not been mentioned that the distribution centre or its transport have proper refrigeration as this is very(prenominal) important for HACCP implementation and could be major reason for the foreign body complaints Potter Foods are facing.In the drawing up of the project plan it is given(p) to note that Potter Foods has to keep up its marketing edge as a flexible manufacturer, with low cost production and prompt delivery and at the same time utilise and keep up the customer confidence. It has also been mentioned that Party is an old building and may not be conducive to the HACCP implementation. in that location is a problem of taking action against suppliers for defective and unsafe food as it has been said that the raw materials purchased have little paper work into them. As mentioned before Potters foods are having trouble with microbiological counts and po or equipment maintenance and there is consultation at an organised level with in the technical managers and directors. It has been stated that there is a large amount of wastage due to changes in raw materials suppliers and that the timing of the cooked foods and their temperatures is not adjusted for safety. There is also another danger as it has been stated

POP Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

POP Education - Assignment ExampleHe gives me the way forward in each and every problem that I encounter. Problem Amongst the ten children, there is an eight year old boy who has a listening problem. At premiere I had not known about his anatomy but continued assessment on him made me realize it. The boy struggles to talk he cannot judge most words in the right way. When spoken to, he does not respond and seems not to notice that someone is talking to him. He always asks me to seize the things that I say to him, and when I call his name away from him, he searches around trying to figure out where the voice came from. He r bely participates in the class and is always dull and withdrawn to himself. I asked his parents about his condition, and they said they were aware of it, and they wanted me to assist them in helping the little boy. Data check to health interrogationers, hearing loss in children can be get alongd a condition called otitis media. This is the inflammation of th e childs middle ear normally imputable to building up of fluid. This disease is diagnosed frequently in conjunction with children with hearing impairments (Hockfield 68). It is not permanent, and the hearing losses caused by it are mild, though if it occurs repeatedly, it can cause severe damage to the eardrum and the hearing nerves and hence leading to permanent hearing loss. Congenital causes are to a fault a factor to hearing loss. Here, the child suffers from the problem from birth. It can be hereditary or be caused by a condition during child birth. Genetic factors are said to contribute to more than 50% of hearing problems caused by congenital factors. A parent carrying the dominant gene for loss of hearing passes it to the child. The probability of the child getting the condition from the parents is higher if the dominant gene is present in both parents. Some genetic syndromes have hearing loss as one of their characteristics (Canalis and Lambert 108). These syndromes impli cate Down, Usher, Treacher Collins, Crouzon and Alport syndrome. Some congenital causes in which the child does not inherit from parents include harmful chemicals taken by the m another(prenominal) during pregnancy, illnesses and prenatal infections. There are also acquired factors which lead to hearing loss of a child. These occur in a childs life after birth delinquent to ailment, injury or other conditions. The conditions causing hearing loss through acquired causes include injury of the head, measles, meningitis, ear infections, chicken pox, influenza and mumps among others. In August 2008, a research carried out by the Better Hearing Institute found out that, children with hearing problems are not the given adequate attention and help they ought to have. This is due to parents being so busy doing other things while viewing the problem as a less serious one. The study blamed the government on dwelling so much on elections and politics, paying less attention to these children wh o need help. It argued that children need to hear both in and outside the classroom so that they may develop in their language, their social and their emotional well-being (Jack Snowman 93). According to the research, many educators and health observers usually underestimate the effects of hearing impairment. Parents, on the other hand, do not detect the problem in their children early enough, and when they do, they do not take immediate action so as to minimize it. Others are given the wrong information on how to deal with the problem of hearing

Evaluate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluate - Essay ExampleEvaluation Rationale The justification behind paygrade in human imagination development can be attributed to instructional provision of empirical data that would be helpful in improving the sequel of the training program. Most organizations expect a better overall performance but this is attached to individual productivity. This explains the need for individual focused training that is in all likelihood to help trainees realize their unique and diverse potentials. There will be three general levels of evaluation and the first one will be perception. In this level, the recruits or employees will be initiated to develop sense of training environment where instructors use different approaches to express ideas (Piskurich, 2003). In this case, much attention will be shifted to level 2 type of evaluation which constitutes information. This level of evaluation will be executed through administration of written test to find forth the content knowledge of the trai nees at the end of the program. In regard to biometric voter registration kits applications, this test may equally include practical requirement that trainees salute their newly acquired skills in ease of using the kit, successfully assembling and disassembling it. The tests are taken through review by the human resource team to position the strengths and weak points of each employee for further actions and improvement strategies. The last part and third part which is performance is critical as it will help the trainers and human resource team identify the pitfalls when the trainees have begun to undertake trials with the kit. The five Ws and H of learning as a critical aspect of training in human resource development and for the use of biometric voter registration kit is presented in the table below. Who What when where why how Perception Administered by electoral body Facilitator barroom recruits perception of the training Immediately after training session In the classroom bef ore they leave the training program Determine if the recruits/staff were agreeable with the content and / or the instructor Survey Learning Administered by electoral body Facilitator Measure knowledge and skills learned in using the BVR kit Administered at the end of the training program In the classroom and on the job To ensure that recruits/staff have acquired necessary knowledge to use the kits Hands on test In class practice Performance Administered by electoral body HR Development and Training head. Measure of actual transfer of learning of assembling the BVR kit components, using it to successfully register potential electorate and disassemble after use. After the recruits finish a given stage of training On the orientation phase Determine recruits ability to understand and use the Biometric voter registration kit. Observation Supervisor assessment Performance checklist Evaluation Tools Level 1 Training Survey Evaluation Scale Evaluation Scale (1) Superior (2) Excellent (3) G ood (4) Fair (5) Poor The content of the module was practical and reusable to my contract I will be able to use the knowledge and skills gained through this training program The content of this activity matched announced objectives The delivery regularity (handouts, videos and demonstration) were appropriate The instructor was

Research Evdidence for Nursing Practice 2 Essay

Research Evdidence for Nursing Practice 2 - Essay Example12 Midwifery Care Measures in the Second Stage of Labour and Reduction of Genital Tract Trauma at Birth A Randomized Trial 13 Abstract 13 Effects of pushing techniques in birth on mother and fetus a randomise study. 14 Abstract 14 Active pushing versus resistless fetal descent in the second stage of jade a randomized controlled trial. 15 Source 15 Abstract 15 A randomized trial of coached versus uncoached maternal pushing during the second stage of labour. 17 Abstract 17 Source 17 Abstract 17 Pushing methods used by UK midwives during the second stage of labour current practice and rationale. 1.0 Background The second stage of labour is the period between the moment when the cervix attains complete dilatation and when the baby is born (Caldeyro-Barcia et al. 1981). This stage is portrayed by frequent and regular contractions and it is the period when the mother experiences rectal pressure, vaginal pressure, and an irresistib le need to push down. For a long time in the history, the management of the second stage of labour has consisted of a set of behaviors that boodle when the midwives become aware that the woman has attained intact dilatation and hence prepared to push. The midwives proceed by instructing the mother to continue pushing while holding their breath, with successful contractions (Hanson 2006 Hansen, Clark and Foster, 2002). This kind of practice has been make by many midwives for the purpose of shortening the occurrence of the second stage of labour and speeding up fetal descent, though the rationale and safety of the practice has non been substantiated (Yildirim, Beji, 2008). Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence showing that unplanned pushing is a better way of managing the second stage of labour than directed planning, which is typically done by Valsalva maneuver. When all is said and done, many midwives in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and other parts of the world have continuously adopted the directed stylus of attending to mothers when giving birth, during the second period of labour. A recent study by Osborne (2010) found that midwives felt the need of supporting women without epidural anesthesia to start the efforts of bearing-down on when the women felt the need to do so. The majority of the participants, however, revealed that they did not provide direction when helping the mothers, which means many of them often, supported spontaneous bearing-down. Their study pull ahead revealed that most of the midwives started providing directive support when the fetal head appeared and when the final drawing out of the perineum was occurring. The other factor that influenced directive support was the tendency by the mothers to communicate for more direction or when they appeared to be exhausted (Osborne 2010) An unplanned push is accompanied by a release of numerous breaths and air within the intervals of bearing-down attempts (Roberts et al. 1987 boot 2006). A lbers et al. (2005) scrutinised pushing techniques used by Certified Nurse-Midwives (CNMs) and found that the largest proportion of midwives preferred non-Valsalva methods. For quite a long time, the practice of subjecting women to long pushes in the course of the second-stage of labour has been disapproved by critics. 2.0 Introduction The practice of midwifery is premised on the view that labour and birth are ordinary physiological phenomenon that takes place in the life of a woman. The practice of m

Knowledge Management (Assignement Question Details as Depicted Below) Assignment

Knowledge Management (Assignement Question Details as Depicted Below) - Assignment ExampleNow the question arises as to what precisely is getledge and how is it different from information (Han 2001). Information is data organized in a proper form and in a way so that recitation and analysis of the material is easy. Whereas when information is acquired by an individual it becomes knowledge. Knowledge is formally defined as acquaintance to information present.The main aim of knowledge prudence is to make knowledge available in a way to all those concerned in a way that it can be utilize in the best possible way so as to benefit the organization as a whole. This includes both social and technological effort. This subject has gained a circularise importance in the corporate environment in the recent years because of several benefits it offers. For instance it reduces the chances of repetitive and redundant work. Everyone in the organization will know what information is already pres ent and they will not waste time and resources on acquiring the same data and they will move ahead from that point, extending the ribbon from there (Steyn 2003). Apart from this in todays world where the external environment is so volatile and fast changing that internal stakeholders especially finish makers have to work really fast to catch up with the fast changing trend and hang-up competitive. In circumstances like these information becomes a vital resource. Those who know are the ones who will survive. Apart from this another advantage that knowledge management offers is the reduction in time required to train raw(a) employees or to bring about a change in the organization (Foote 2001). Another aspect of todays corporate world is that organizations have to stay flexible and to adapt to changes of the market. For this purpose change management has become a famous topic now a days for research and festering and adequate knowledge management improves this process.The main arg ument that will be presented by this paper is

Leadership and Organization Behavior Essay Example for Free

leading and Organization Behavior EssayThere atomic number 18 many business organizations that ar started on various occasions, exclusively only a few turn out to be self-made organizations. The victory or failure of an organization can mostly be associated with lead. Leaders make a very big impact in the organization. The importance of leading is recognise when the organization is exhalation with some moments like crisis or serious changes, depending on how the issue will be handled. We can not just lead that leadership in the organization is shown at the top management, but even to the lower levels in the organization.Despite the importance of leadership, there has been no agreement on the definition of leadership in the organization. However, leadership can be defined as a means used to coarse people in the organization, without applying force, to take a shit towards the attainment of the organizational goals, by motivating them. Non coercive method implies the leaders should make the people to follow them on a voluntary basis (Glasser, 2008). A leader influences a particular group to work towards achieving particular goals.Leadership does not depend on a formal authority or the title, but rather they carry out their tasks by applying leadership attributes such as values, believes, knowledge, character, ethic and skills. The position of a manager, supervisor, leader etc give them the authority to accomplish accredited goals and tasks in the organization, the power of manager lead or supervisor to accomplish organization goals does not make them leaders but simply they make themselves bosses.Leadership makes the followers want to make higher goals. Selfless services and honorable characters to the organization form the basis of good leadership. Respected leaders concentrate on what they know (such as jobs tasks and human nature), what they are (such as character and believes) and what they do (such as motivating implementing and providing paths. ). The qualities of a leader influence the followers to follow him.following want to be guided by the people whom they respect and have clear sense of directions. Leaders moldiness(prenominal) be ethical in fix up to gain respect from their followers. Sense of directions among the leaders is achieved by means of conveying a strong vision of future (Glasser, 2008). Employee satisfaction in an organization can be predicted by the level of sureness and trust in the top leadership and effective communication.Effective communication helps to win organization confidence and trust which occurs through making the employees to become aware and get wind the overall strategies of the organization, assisting the employees understand their roles which can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives and the information sharing between the employees and the leaders on how the organization is performing and how their departments are doing relative to the strate gic goals of the organization. Therefore a leader must be able to communicate the vision of the organization and must be trustworthy.Good leaders need to concentrate the three attributes of leadership i. e. what they are, what they know and what they do. These attributes can be achieved by following the leadership principles. According to principles of leadership a leader is hypothetic to know him self and seek room for self improvement. A leader can know himself if he understands the principles of leadership. Seeking room for self improvement means that the leaders have to continuously spike their attributes. This can be achieved through interaction with others, reflection, self study and formal classes.Secondly the leaders must be technically proficient. Leaders are required to have a solid familiarity with their followers tasks and know their job (Nelson Quick, 2007). Leaders must seek and take responsibilities of their action. They must such ways in which to guide their organi zation to achieve new heights. When things in the organization goes wrong leaders are not hypothetical to blame their followers or their fellow leaders but rather they should analyze the situation and come up with corrective rejoinder and be prepared to move into the next challenge.Leaders should make timely and sound decisions by use of good strategies of decision making solving problems and be after tools. Good leaders should set good role models by setting morals to others. They must see what they are expected to do not only earreach the changes they want to see. Leaders should know their people and care for their well being. They should know the human nature and take the responsibility for caring for their followers. Leaders are supposed to establish good communication with their followers.Communicating is a key responsibility in making sure that tasks are accomplished, supervised and understood. Team building and learning of team spirit assist the leaders in employing the ir sections, organization, department etc to their fullest capabilities. Leaders should have an honest understanding of leadership attributes. They must also understand that determination of whether a leader is successful or not lies on the followers and not upon themselves. Followers are likely to get inspired if they lack confidence or trust in their leaders.Leaders are supposed to convince and set good example to their followers in order to become successful and be followed. Leaders lead through a two way communication between them and their followers sometimes communication between these two parties is non verbal. An example is when a leader sets a good example to the follower. The leader in this case does not necessarily require asking the follower on what to do about what himself is not willing to do. The way and how the leaders communicate with their followers improve or harm the relationship between them.Leaders are supposed to understand their followers in order to apply t heir leadership skills different followers would require different leadership styles. This means that a new employee whitethorn require more guidance and supervision than an experienced one. Also non motivated workers would require more motivation than motivated workers. Therefore the leader must understand the human nature through establishing the followers emotions, motivation and needs. Leaders requiring to develop strategies on the possible cause of action for different situations (Nelson Quick, 2007).The success of any leadership is immovable in the degree in which the leaders are able to motivate the others. Motivation among the employees leads to work satisfaction. An organization may notice big losses if it looses its employees and then the key function of the leaders and the managers should be motivating the right people to remain and join the organization. Motivation directly affects the out put of an organization and this concerns both the quality and the quantity.The leaders and managers therefore need to understand how to motivate the followers according to the roles they play (Miner, 2005). The survival of an organization is determined by the motivation of the employees. On the other hand reinforcement focuses on the maintenance of motivation. The basic assumption in motivation are that the positive deportment among the followers that resulted to rewarding will be repeated and therefore negative manner that resulted to negative consequences are less likely to be repeated.Certain behavior can be intensified and strengthened through reinforcement. Rewards and punishment are applied depending on whether certain behaviors occurred or did not occur. The role of the leaders is to strengthen the positive behavior through reinforcement (Miner, 2005). The employees and the leaders working in an organization have different characteristics. Leaders must learn how to manage the employee in their organization. The leadership skills that are acquired in schools are not sufficient to lead and manage the employees.Therefore training is important in order to ensure that someone objectives are aligned with organization objectives. To achieve this skills and knowledge are imparted to individuals. Goal setting on the other hand helps in defining the organization, give the direction to be followed and avoid chaos. Setting of organizational goals can help the leaders to motivate the employees by communicating what the organization have planned to achieve and through providing basis for recognition, success and achievements (Nelson Quick, 2007).Goal setting helps in effectiveness of recruiting the followers. Team building results to many potential benefits which include consensus building brain storming, looking at the problem from different perspective, trial and error, expert knowledge etc. employees are more encouraged to bring their work at the conference table and therefore they are likely to work harder. Leaders must ensure that the re is an attitude of respect and tolerance for the ideas of the team member in the organization culture.The employees tactile sensation free in sharing their ideas with the team members when they help each other to succeed. Effective leadership helps in the success of the organizations. If there is no good leadership the organization may move too slow, become stagnant or even loose their direction. Timely decision making ensures that the running of organization is going on well. Leaders must ensure that decision making are correct, complete and involves all the stakeholders for the success of the organization (Nelson Quick, 2007).

Inclusive Instructional Strategies & Accommodations Essay Example for Free

Inclusive instructional Strategies Accommodations EssayDiana Pastora Carson is a special education t from each oneer and founder of talent Awareness in Action organization. She always had an interest in changing the lives of disabled people from pitiful life and exclusion to inclusion and life panoptic of dignity and hope. The concern in Dianas nature came from presence of a brother who was preserved from others as a disabled and dependent human being. Dianas Brother, Joaquin, was diagnosed with Autism at an early age. While he was in school, he had been dictated in an exclusive classroom for students with signifi mucklet mental retardation. He was twice placed in a state institute due to misunderstanding of his character and his attempts to communicate with his services. Currently, Joaquin resides in a state institute, where he is ill, emotionally and physically, from being locked up in a building away from his friends and family. He expressed his feelings ab step to the for e living in such environment to his sister in a vexing way as he once said Diana, people are so boring here. His family has been trying to get him out of there as soon as possible.They have also taken his case to the court and are waiting for the final decision to be made. They want to get Joaquin out of there and bring him in a home of his own with people who love him instead of staying in that institute any longer. The training, titled Inclusive Instructional Strategies and Accommodations, is about including all children, whether they have a disability or not, in general education classrooms specifically, and in the community, generally. Everybody deserves to belong to and live in their communities.A teacher has an enormous role in making all students belong to that classroom through her knowledge about each and every student of his/hers, and through recognizing singularity in each one of them. This should make the teacher create a supportive environment that meets each students needs, and an atmosphere that promotes acceptance of differences and diversity, learning, hope, and collaboration. Moreover, the teacher is responsible for building a curriculum that meets each students level and accommodates tests and homework. A great teacher would avoid labels that discriminate individuals with disabilities to avoid set about expectations.Those labels may help professionals recognize what disabilities the students have, in order to provide them with services that meet their needs. However, people within the same label or disabilities may exchange therefore, we cannot always judge someone based on the labels. Moreover, it is very unprofessional to address someone by his/her disabilities as no one likes to be looked at for something that they did not choose for his/her self and it may affect his/her self-confidence. Students dignity must be preserved by the teacher and whoever is around, for instance, peers, and family.Professionals working with disabled people should pleader the community about appreciation of diversity and encourage students to speak out their thoughts, make choices, and blend in the society. Most importantly, the teachers should listen to students attentively look at their body language, written expressions, and vocalization for effective communication. During the training, many strategies and activities to develop a classroom community were shared by Diana, such as setting roles for the classroom, supporting reading books that promote diversity and discussions, and different cooperative games.Diana also explained how a customized lesson should be designed as a teacher must know her/his students in order to alter lessons based on each students needs. Teachers should also know how to model, guide, and measure students independent achievements through knowledge of students strengths and limitations. Diana enlightened the immensity of giving students time to process new information, retrieve old information, and speak o ut their answers.It is very important to break the lesson into smaller parts along with intercommunicate questions in between to check students comprehension and to encourage discussions about the lesson. It is very essential to bring movement and interaction into the curriculum, serve the different types of intelligences and most importantly honor every student for who he/she is and be aware of the impact teaching will have on his/her future life. Furthermore, visual aids can assist students in organizing their thoughts, memorizing them, and make learning more enjoyable and personal to them.Finally, commitment to learning, inclusion of all children, and building a quality future for each child is a must step for developing a loving community where everyone belongs. By having a brother with a disability, whose community isolated him from others by not providing him with education programs that serves his needs, making public places inaccessible for him, and not advocating the publi c about disabilities, Diana has learned to honor diversity and anyone who is working towards treating people with disabilities with dignity and respect.It has advance her to change the lives of those who are different from normal people, whether with a disability or not. It has motivated her to include all of them in a classroom that promotes collaboration, understanding, and hope. Furthermore, it has opened her eyeball to the importance of advocating the society about disabilities and their inclusion, to change the image and future of the disabled in the community.

Explain the Differences Between Panglosss Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Explain the Differences Between Panglosss Philosophy EssayPanglosss philosophy of life is that all is for the best in the best of all manageable worlds. This optimistic philosophy actually is the key element of Voltaires satire. Panglosss philosophy is against the ideas of the Enlightenment period. Pangloss believes that a powerful God had created the world and that, and so, the world essential be perfect. When creatures of the world, see something as wrong or evil, it is because they do not understand the ultimate good that result come out of it. Voltaire satirically shows the proofreader that Pangloss is not a believable character. Voltaire illustrates this by showing us that he keeps his optimistic archetype even when he is impris angiotensin converting enzymed. Pangloss ignores any evidence that contradicts his initial opinion. He also uses illogical arguments to support his beliefs. Panglosss philosophy tries to impose a passive attitude toward all that is wrong in th e world. If the world is the best one possible, then there is no land to make any effort to change things.Martin is more believable than Pangloss, not because he is more sophisticated, but because he is smarter and more likely to draw conclusions with which we can identify. Martin had been robbed by his wife and beaten by his son and deserted by his daughter and also lived financial set(p)backs, and therefore hes a pessimist whereas Pangloss is an optimist. He uses his experiences to judge the world whereas Pangloss was merely using a theory. As a result, Martin is more insightful than Pangloss to foresee events that go out happen.Even though Martins philosophy is more believable than Panglosss, hes still not good at predicting how some people will behave because his philosophy is coming from extreme pessimism. Therefore it might not be wrong to say that Voltaire is trying to prove that we need flexible thought in our lives based on real evidence. Both philosophers will ultimatel y fail because theres no room for exceptions in their beliefs. Candide starts his journey with the diverge of Panglosss belief of best of all possible worlds.Pangloss and Candide, suffer and witness a wide variety of horrors and tragedies together. During these tragedies, Panglosss s philosophy proves to be shadowy and even destructive at the end, because it prevents them from making realistic judgments. For example while Jacques was drowning, Pangloss doesnt let Candide save him by saying that the bay of Lisbon had been form for this Anabaptist to drown in. Also when Candide was buried under the rubble of the Lisbon earthquake, he asked for oil and wine because he was dying, but Pangloss ignored him and still tried to reason with the causes of the earthquake.At the end Candide rejects his philosophy of optimism and as he and his servant Cacambo travel and go through more horrors, Candide starts believing a pessimistic view of life. When Candide meets Martin, they set sail togethe r and Martin is just the opposite of Pangloss. He does not believe that everything is for the best in this world. Even though Candide tries to oppose Martin by talking close free will but it does not solve the problem of presence of evil in the world.In general, Martins arguments seem more reasonable than Panglosss ideas. But, like Pangloss, Martin believes so firmly in his own view of the world that he is not flexible and usually dismisses real evidence that contradicts his philosophy. When Candide cannot find Cunegonde, Martin shows the naughty influence of his pessimism. Instead of attempting to comfort his friend, Martin uses Candides distress to further confirm his own world-view. Just like Panglosss optimism, Martins pessimism also keeps him from taking scuttle to improve the world.

Psychology And Its Branches Sociology Essay

Psychology And Its Branches Sociology EssayFirst of all psychology is the study of human behaviour. The sole purpose of psychology is to unravel the mystery of why and individual acts a certain way. Psychology examines an individuals specific actions, responses and factors that dictate how an individual reacts under set conditions and the surround. The behaviour of an individual has an stir on the greater fiat that surrounds the individual. Psychological theories cover many branches including organizational psychology, surroundingsal psychology, maturation psychology, forensic psychology and sports psychology.The talk about psychology and its branches start out up an individual in particular, Robert William Pickton. This former pig farmer and serial killer convicted of the second degree murders of six Canadian women in 2007. He was in any case charged with the murder of twenty additional women. The Canadian man born in British Columbia is considered a psychopath and is very ea sily unflinching as one because of his childhood. The branch of psychology that specifically affect Picktons mentality was his ontogenesis as a child and the environment he grew up in, in other words development psychology. Robert Pickton grew up in a childhood filled with denial from his mother. Due to Roberts mother heavy work regime he would never have fun, spend time with friends or time to play. If Robert was non in school, he would be found in the slaughterhouse where his environment affected his mentality. In such an environment it is easy to see the development psychology conjecture that has had a major effect on Picktons psychopath killing offer up to a total of forty-nine victims.Erik Erikson believes that human behaviour can be understood through the experiences an individual encounters during their development. This directly relates to Robert Pickton because of the violent and gruesome environment Pickton grew up in, it is easy to analyze why his psychological beha viour has become what it is today. Erikson suggests that a person may pass a stage of psychological development or they get stuck. For example, an infant either intrusts his/her cargongivers or s/he doesnt. This failure of trust unclutter can affect the persons trusting relationship afterward on in life. This same ideology goes for Pickton he grew up in an environment where killing was occurring periodically in a day. This harsh and violent environment has caused Pickton to have a violent and gruesome psychological personality. He believes that killing has no evil or wrong in it, this is because of the psychological development theory. Pickton has been stuck in this psychological environment since his childhood and has been prominent in his life.Sociology PerspectiveSociology is a accessible science persuasion that states one area of society ordain perpetually have an effect it can be either direct or indirect. This is due to society being a complex structure where in that l ocation will always be modifications and changes in it due to society itself. The ideology of society influences decisions made on marriage, economics, love, freedom, politics etc. However, recognizing these facets of life does not assist with the story of their existence. In other words, sociology is the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society this can include cordial problems deep down society.Robert William Pickton had a criminal mind set because of his childhood as explained through psychological development. Through his childhood and Picktons brutal treatment as a child from his mother, Pickton grew intolerance for the opposite wind up. He felt that males are dominant over females and thus the feminist theory of female oppression. Through the sociological feminist perspective Pickton neglected the female figure. His behaviour as a serial killer towards women was triggered through his childhood and ever since he has developed a feminist social view where he believes males are the dominant sexual urge over females. Hostile affection from Picktons mother led to an angrier individual later on towards the opposite sex and thus the criminal acts released against women in Picktons elder years.The sociological analysis of Marxist Feminism Theory also plays a role in the behaviour of Robert William Pickton. This implies the lack of balance in society in scathe of gender classes in the economic perspective of sociology. Stereotypes within society influenced Pickton as he believed women have a lesser role in society than males. This is why Pickton would go for vulnerable areas for kidnapping and base his attacks on lower class aims. For example, Robert Pickton would target women that were prostitutes or drug addicts because on that point class level in society was lower than his. Picktons targeting specific groups of women instead of the women gender as a whole illustrated sociological perspective of feminism.Pickton tried to a chieve structural functionalism in society where there is a balance, equilibrium in society by maintaining its interdependent social structures. Talcott Parsons stated, as much as things change they stay the same. Structural Functionalism deals with the maintenance within a society it defines changes within a system and will always seek a way to return to its normal functioning state. As Parsons stated, Pickton followed this social theory as he thought he was bringing balance to society by eliminating the lower class of females. Parsons also mentioned, When part of the system breaks down, it is undeniable for the other components of the society to take over the function of the missing social structure or to assist with the recreation of the malfunctioning social structure. This supports Picktons choice in achieving structural functionalism by the removal of the lower class which consisted of females.Anthropology PerspectiveAnthropology is the social science perspective of studying muckle and their culture. Anthropology exists to explore a variety of social phenomena. A benefit associated with anthropology is that its research lies in the huge perspective on the development and sustainability of human culture. This social science perspective poses questions concerning the continuation of poverty, racism, violence and social inequality in the world. There are four main types of anthropology including linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, and biological or physical anthropology. Each type studies different aspects of people and their respective cultures including questions such as why do humans have such different ways of thinking, living and acting? This is the social science perspective of anthropology.Robert Picktons social interactions and relationships were not fully established. Pickton lived his life in rejection he was rejected of all social interactions which later led to his rage and intolerance against women. Picktons childhood was lived in neglect and the omitting of social interactions with other kids his age. The entire cause for this rejection was because of his mother, a female figure who was very brutal and hostile to the young Robert Pickton. This inevitably led to pettishness being stored throughout Picktons life towards women and thus the targeted attacking of women by Pickton. Pickton thought of his values and morals over others, specifically prostitutes (again targeting women). Pickton already thought of women as measly and inferior to males, now including prostitution he believed that those women did not deserve to live amongst society and him. Robert believed that to earn a living an individual should go through wound and hardship but prostitution in his perspective clearly did not show that. He believed prostitution made an earning with pleasure in life and not pain he believed that individuals should earn a living from physical labour and pain. Robert would never feel any sympathy for wo men especially prostitutes, thus his guilt-free attitude in killing these specified group of women.Robert King Merton bases his interpretation of society using the functionalist perspective. Functionalism is a method for understanding how social institutions fill social demand.Every usage or practice in society exits a form of stability for the entire system. This seems like a grand theory but social institutions provide for the physical and psychological needs for its society members.Sex is a practice of functionalism as it is a physical and psychological need for humans. Pickton was a very fainthearted and quiet individual but he acquired sex because it stored up inside of him. Pickton would host wild parties and orgies to release his chaotic thoughts. This also explains why Pickton would have sex with the women he would kidnap and then kill her, it is a practice of Picktons functionalism and this describes the social science perspective of anthropology.Hypothesis Psychoanalys is, Functionalism and FeminismPsychoanalysis is a psychological theory founded in the late 19th century and early 20th century by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. In involves the inherited constitution of personality which is an individuals development determined by events in their childhood. Cognition, human behaviour and experience are largely determined by irrational drives. Mental disturbances from psychology occur when there are conflicts between conscious and unconscious material.Functionalisms core idea is that mental states are constituted solely by their functional role. It is a theoretical level between physical implementation and behavioural output. Functionalism is a method for understanding how social institutions fill social needs. Every custom or practice in society provides a form of stability for the entire system. This seems like a grand theory but social institutions provide for the physical and psychological needs for its society members. Feminism examines the perspective of women and their rights within a society, specifically a male dominated society.To understand and comprehend a serial killer as to what his/her motives are it is important to instigate an investigation. Through this investigation it is important to determine the unconscious and conscious mind of the serial killer by taking a look at their ego. This investigation will determine the drive of the serial killer as to what they wish to achieve, what pleasure they wish to achieve etc.Functionalists call for crime as a necessary guideline in society because it sets moral guidelines and rules through legal punishment. An increase in criminal behaviour loses the societys trust whereas a decrease in criminal behaviour illustrates that individuals have no freedom or individuality.When determining a serial killer it is important to gain information of the insights of the psychoanalytic, feminist and functionalist perspectives. These three perspectives combined can determine and give a thorough understanding of a serial killers ambition, pleasure and the ego of the criminal.

Factors that affect employee motivation

F typifyors that affect employee wantMotivation has to do with the understanding of the reasons why human beings act the mode they do. It is said to be the knowledge of psychology and is come to with explaining all forms of human conducts (Phil Gorman, 2004). Motivation is a genuinely important aspect of psychology that tries to explain why humans or animals act in a certain manner (David A.H, 1995). Motivation studies stupefy to do with the study of the Human psychology and behavioural patterns, it is an attempt to explain why and what the reasons be for actions we take.Mitchell (1982) apprizes that the term motivation represents those psychological process that perk up the awakening, direction and persistence of voluntary actions that argon goal oriented. It is a psychological process vector suming from the corresponding interaction mingled with the undivided and the environment that affects a souls choices, move and persistence (Gary P. L and Christopher T, 2006).M otivation seeks to explain the why of behaviour (Phil Gorman, 2004). When we ask why a person or animal be entertains in a particular manner, we atomic number 18 essentially asking about motivation (Mook, 1996). Motivation has generally been link up to the urgency to strain specific goals. It is concerned with goal-directed behaviours that pushes us towards certain actions and not others and is as closely as the complex process that moves unmarrieds towards some goals (Phil Gorman, 2004). Robbins (1993) defined motivation as the testamentingness to exert lofty levels of trial toward organisational goals, conditioned by the efforts and energy to indulge some personal collects. gibe to David A. H (1995), Motivation examines two aspects of behaviour the direction of behaviour those concerned with the influences which cause specific actions in humans and the intensity of behaviour concerned with the strength of behaviour. It is concerned with what causes specific actions, the reasons for actions we undertake and what determines the intensity of such action. Two individuals could be incite towards a specific goal, say passing an exam. They pass on both be motivated to read, but the degree or intensity of motivation provide usually not be the same for both individuals.Motivation studies atomic number 18 undertaken in order to explain the onset, the direction,the intensity and the persistence of behaviour directed towards the learning of one or more goals or objectives (Mark R. Z ,2006).So many authors pay off written and established various motivation theories. The fol pitifuling chapters in this check up on go out discuss on the various motivation theories and contributions of renowned writers in the field of motivation studies.MOTIVATION THEORIES MAJOR CONCEPTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS.ABRAHAM H. MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORYThis surmise advocates that all individuals be born with natural needfully and if these involve are not fulfilled, the individual will be motivated to act in a manner that will alter him satisfy them. Maslow A.H (1954) suggests that all individuals have a series of human needs which are prioritised on an hike scale, with basic physiologic survival needs at the bottom and the more psychological individual needs at the top. Maslow (1954)s Hierarchy of needs stems from Physiological needs (survival), Safety needs, fond needs, Esteem needs and Self-actualization at the top.According to this system, humans have gone beyond the need of single basic survival needs but are now driven towards greater achievements and high needs up till self actualization. Maslow (1954)s surmisal also assumes that these needs are activated in a sequential order starting from the bottom and a higher need emerging when the disgrace need has been at ease and that after a need has been satisfied it ceases to dominate behaviour.Physiological needs These are the basic biological needs of man to survive. These needs are food, water, shelter and so forth Maslow (1954) deals that humans are plausibly to be motivated by physiological needs rather than any other need. Once this needs have been satisfied, he is then motivated by the next level set of needs.Safety needs This refers to the need for security, freedom from fear and anxiety, need for stability and protection. Maslow (1954) suggests that this safety needs are mostly presumable in chaotic societies and when t present is a stable, smooth running and dandy society, this need will not be so passiond.Social needs This is the need for love and social belonging. When these needs are not satisfied, individuals will do all in their power to get affection from family and friends (Maslow, 1954)Esteem needs This refers to the need for prestige and recognition from others. It refers to the need for development, maintenance of self-respect and respect from others (David A.H, 1995).Self actualization This is the individual need of achieving ones full c apability. It is the satisfaction of r from each oneing what the individual retrieves to be his/her full potential. Maslow (1954) however, was of the view that very few wad manage to satisfy the highest set of needs such as self actualization.Some strengths of the theory conjecture acknowledges that all individuals have in-born natural needs and when these needs are not satisfied the individual is compelled to act in a manner that will enable him satisfy these needs.He has been able to combine both physiological and psychological needs in his hierarchy of needs theory. Physiological having to do with the innate needs and instinctive drives to satisfy these needs in the body. While psychological needs stem from cognitive conscious judgment before actions are taken.David A.H (1995) noted that the ascending hierarchy of needs is not a one way process, if lower needs become unsatisfied, the individual will go back towards satisfying those lower needs.The theory also suggests that the hierarchy does not apply rigidly to all individuals and some individuals may seek to satisfy some higher needs at the expense of lower ones (Maslow. 1954)Pointed out below are some weaknesses of the theoryPhil Gorman (2004) pointed out that the theory doesnt attend to take account of the possibility that people who retain small achievements in their lives may feel satisfied and fulfilled believing that they have truly achieved their full potential. He suggests that this may be due to restrictions move upon them by their social background.The theory does not consider that other factors such as environment and society discount influence the individual to act in a particular manner. According to Stanworth and Curran (1973) the theory ignores the way the culture of a society and its subcultures, structure the aspirations and expectations of individuals and groups. Ivan T. R, et al (1992) bares the opinion that Maslows theory barely touches on the type of environmental factors in t he development of his hierarchy.The theory is difficult to apply in some situations. Stanworth and Curran (1973) also pointed out that most people who set up businesses would seem to be satisfying the higher level of needs in Maslows theory and going into a business is quite a risky venture. This elbow room they are more concerned about a higher need of opening a business than a lower need, security and risk of having a business.HERZBERG F.W hygiene THEORYThis theory is primarily concerned with motivation at the proceed score. According to Herzberg et al (1959) in that respect are basically two sets of factors that influence behaviour Hygiene Factors (dissatisfiers) and Motivators (satisfiers)Hygiene factors (dissatisfiers)These are factors that do not satisfy the individuals but only keep them from being dissatisfied. The presence of these factors in a work place will mean the individuals will not be unsatisfied but they will not be motivated either. These factors include, go od running(a) conditions, good salary, supervision, security, birth with peers, company policy and administration. Most of these factors are classified as being extrinsic (David A.H, 1995).Motivators (satisfiers)These are those factors that actually motivate the individuals in the work place. They give the individual a feeling of self satisfaction and achievement. These factors are essentially internal and examples of these motivators are need for recognition, personal development and advancement and the need for growth. These motivators are related to the content of the job that fall by the waysides the individual employee to develop their occupation as a source of personal growth. Employees will be motivated with such factors as they allow them satisfy the need for self actualization (Herzberg et al, 1959).Part of the strengths of this theory is that just like Maslows theory, Herzberg et al (1959) believes that all human beings have physiological needs that flock be satisfied with money e.g. Food and water and psychological needs such as the need for self-development and self-actualization. While a major weakness is that Herzberg has also neglected the influence of the environment and societal background as possible motivators. Some of his hygiene factors such as good salary which he suggests will only prevent an individual from being dissatisfied, in some case suffer actually provide motivation to the individual (David A.H, 1995).McGREGOR DOUGLAS. -THEORY X AND YMcGregor (1960), suggest that in that respect is a direct relation between the way managers treat their workers and workers motivation. McGregor believes there are two major approaches to the focussing of people and they have to do with a managers view on workers military capability towards work. He formulated the theories X and Y.Theory XIn this theory, management treats workers with little or no respect. The attitude of managers towards workers in this theory is based onThe belief that the average human being dislikes work and will avoid it if possible.That most people have to be controlled, forced, directed and punished to get them to put adequate efforts towards the achievement of organisation objectives.That the average human, prefers to be directed wish to avoid responsibility and wants security higher up all (Evans D, 1990).Theory X is patronizing and take holds no allowance for workers individualism. It is based on aspects of management such as discipline and control (David A.H, 1995).Theory YThis theory concentrates on delegation, decentralization, participation and consultation. The characteristics of management here are as followsExternal control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of bringing out efforts towards achieving organisation objectives.People are committed to objectives in proportion to the rewards associated with achieving the objectives.That the average human being learns, under proper conditions not only to accept but to seek responsibility (David A.H, 1995).The theory encourages participative management and suggests that for workers to be motivated it is necessary to allow them use their skills within the work place. This will make them feel involved as part of the organisation.ALDERFERS EXISTENCE RELATEDNESS AND GROWTH THEORY (ERG)This theory advocates that in the attempt to achieve individual satisfaction, people are motivated to act in a specific manner (Aldefer C.P, 1972). He suggests that satisfaction relies on the fulfilment of natural needs such as existence, relatedness and growth. Individuals constantly interact with their environment which as an effect in their behaviour. He believes that these 3 sets of needs are able to exist simultaneously and can be satisfied in a flexible order.Existence needs These needs are concerned with physiological and material factors related to survival such as hunger, thirst, salary and working conditions.Relatedness This has to do with the need to relate with o thers in the society. Individuals are motivated to seek satisfaction in their social relationships.Growth needs This refers to creating the optimum use of active capacities and the development of new capacities. Satisfaction of growth needs depends on the individual developing to their full potential (Alderfer C.P, 1972).This theory does suggest a rigid vertical structure and does not propose that an individual will try to satisfy one set of needs at a time (David A.H, 1995).McCLELLANDS NEED FOR motion THEORYThis theory is also based on three innate needs which are of optimum importance. They are the need for achievement, affiliation and power (McClelland, 1961). Robbins (1993) believes that those who have strong drives to succeed are searching for personal achievements rather than rewards. They have the drive to improve on better ways of doing things.Need for achievement (N.arch) This can be described as the need for success and high standards of personal excellence (David A.H, 1995). It is the drive to achieve success.Need for affiliation This is the need for a good relationship with other individuals.Need for power This is the need to want to influence and exert some level of control over others.McClelland (1961) believes that all individuals have each of these needs although the level of intensity of the needs varies between each person. This means that some people might have high needs of some and low of the others. According to McClelland et al (1953), any attempt to understand a persons motivation to achieve must take into account both the personality and situation the individual finds him or herself in. He also suggested that the desire for achievement in a society could be measured from the variant of achievement imagery presented to the children (McClelland, 1961).Stanjworth Curran (1973), pointed out that McClellands theory considers differences between groups in motivational pattern and relates this to social and cultural factors.EDWARD TOLMA NSS EXPECTANCY THEORYTolman E.C (1948), theory suggests that the motivation of individuals is not based on needs or drives but is determined by the presence of goals and the expectancy that their behaviour will lead to the attainment of this goal. He believes that human beings will be motivated in a specific manner when they are convinced that the results of the behaviour will be desired by them. The theory basically harps on individual motivation and the influence of the society.Tolmans theory recognises that people have disparate types of needs, desires and goals and proposes that the amount of effort people are prepared to put in task depends on whether the effort will pay off better performance (Ivan T.R et al, 1992).VROOM V.H EXPECTANCY, VALENCE INSRRUMENTALITY THEORYThis theory stems from Tolmans expectancy theory but in addition to expectancy roar added valence and instrumentality as determinants of motivation.Expectancy Vroom Edward (1970) suggests that expectancy is a momentary belief concerning the likelihood that a particular act will be followed by a particular outcome.Instrumentality This assumes that the behaviour of individuals is influenced by the degree to which additional desired goals can be attained as the direct result of such behaviour (Vroom Edward, 1970). The theory suggests that the amount of effort people are willing to put in a task depends on whether the performance when achieved will pay off in equipment casualty of outcomes (Ivan T.R et al, 1992).Valence This refers to the value of the outcomes. Vroom Edward (1970) suggests that individuals value some outcomes highly and hence desire them and can value outcomes down(p) and try to avoid them. He states that we are motivated by the fact that we expect specific behaviours to result in specific outcomes and that such outcomes will have a degree of valence.The main motivation points of Vroom according to David A.H (1995) areThe expectancy that specific behaviour will result i n that attainment of a specific goal, the value of the desired goal and the degree to which such behaviour is instrumental to the attainment of other additional goals.EDWIN A. LOCKE GOAL THEORYBasically this theory looks at motivation from the angle of motivating the employer. It suggests that when specific goals and targets are set out for individuals, they become motivated in order to achieve the goals. This theory has identify that human beings act in a specific way when they are faced with a particular goal (Locke E.A, 1968).The highlights of this theory are that difficult goals should be set because they result in higher performance, employees should be part of the goal setting and that there should be adequate feedback with guidance and advice (Locke Latham, 1984). Locke pointed out that incentives such as money, participation, competition and praise can influence goals. According to Ivan T. Robertson et al (1992) goals have been demonstrated to affect performance through fo ur mechanismsDirecting attention and action.Mobilizing effortIncreasing task persistence.Motivating the search for appropriate performance strategies.Ivan T. Robertson et al (1992) also added two goal attributes that could be relevant for motivation.Goal content the level of goal difficulty and how specific it is andGoal intensity strength and commitment attached to the goal.RECENT IDEAS ON MOTIVATION THEORIESThe recent theories on motivation havent authentically come up with any new idea very different from what other older writers on the subject have written instead they have built on it to make it more adaptable to the changing environment and human perspective.SHEILA RITCHIE AND PETER MARTIN 12 FACTORS OF MOTIVATIONThey gathered a list of factors that modify motivation in the work place and finally trimmed them down to 12 basic factors. Their observation method was to create a self assessment profile which was developed in other to find out what motivated people and also to weight the factors against each other. Their result was a unique motivational profile for each person which gave the relative strength of each factor when compared to each other. The 12 factors were developed from older theories of motivation (Sheila R Peter M, 1999).The 12 factors of motivation pointed out by Sheila R Peter M (1999) whereMoney and tangible rewards This is where money and tangible result is the overwhelming driving force. Where money is the motivator, people so inclined will be ready to tolerate any amount of boredom, work long hours. Undertake repetitive task over periods of months and long time and even put work before family. People who have high money needs will regard their corporal conditions at work with empty indifference. This factor relates to Tolman and Vrooms expectancy theory where they suggest that individuals act in a particular way when they expect a kind of reward that, they value (Vroom Edward, 1970). personal condition In their theory, physi cal conditions have to do with those physical factors that could motivate in a work place. This touches on the work space, work environment and how at ease it is. Some people could be motivated by the mare fact that they work in a very comfortable and beautiful environment. However, they pointed out that physical factors in relation to other motivating factors are not seen as very important.Structure This has to do with the organisational structure and administration of a work place. They believe that people with differing structure requirements need to be motivated in significantly different ways, the right approach motivates and the wrong approach will de-motivate. They suggest that very high structured people need to know where they stand. They need to know the rules and be assured that they have followed the right procedures. Anxiety may be the settle cause of their desire for structure and may find a lack of structure very stressful. Some features of structure include timing, rules and procedures, societys norm and expectation, planning, good converse and information circulation etc (Sheila R Peter M, 1999).People Contact People with this factor enjoy dealing with other people and derive comfort and satisfaction from having a number of others around them. They would prefer to work with other people nearby rather than on their own. Most are likely to be highly spacious with the rowdiness that working with others entail and will even perform better in such situation (Sheila R Peter M, 1999). This in a way is related to Maslows hierarchys third stage that refers to the need for love and human relationship.Relationship This has to do with those motivated by the need for relationships. They suggest that this need can be satisfied outside the work place but for organisations based on commitment and trust between employees will need long term relationships between employees. According to Sheila R Peter M (1999), this particular need usually depends on the organisation in question. Organisations were members of staff are interchanged, work shifts and level of skills are low, will not be in need of long term relationships. This is also related to Maslows need for love and relationship needs.Recognition This factor harps on the need for attention and praise. Sheila R Peter M (1999) pointed out that high recognition needs can make people so dependent on others for approval, that in occasions where there is no recognition, they are unable to act independently. People with high need of this will ever so take care that they consider expectation.Achievement Sheila R Peter M (1999) suggests that a strong characteristics of those with a high achievement drive is that they which to do things on their own. People with this need can find themselves voluntarily working long hours and driving themselves hard. They have to be satisfied that the targets they are aiming are achievable. High achievers are likely to be motivated, if they are not ac hieving they are likely to feel worthless. They will do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. Motivating such people has to start with the definition of the target (Sheila R Peter M, 1999).Power and Influence This is the need to possess power and influence others. The ability to lead and influence people used properly according to Sheila R Peter M (1999) is one of the most desirable human qualities. The difference of this factor from others is that it involves people impinging directly on other people. They pointed out that here is also an element of risk that other people might not react favourably.Variety and change This is the need to always want to do something different. This kind of people we need stimulation to move on to something different with boredom setting in after an initial discharge of energy. These individuals cope better where there is constant demand for new energy and new initiatives. Sheila R Peter M (1999), pointed out that the problem with this factor i s that since the stimulation to change does not always arise, there is always the likely hood of uncompleted business or no motivation.Creativity This concerns the original idea and the development of the new out of the old. They believe that the creative drive has a very important part to play in the organisation. They advocate that those who have the need for creativity to be given an enabling environment for them to operate (Sheila R Peter M, 1999).Self development This factors shows that people who have high self development needs will judge their work in terms of what it does for them. These individuals are not motivated except it has something to do with their self development. Motivating such people requires an understanding of what they are looking for and an ability to relate what the organisation requires to what the need (Sheila R Peter M, 1999).Interest and proceeds Sheila R Peter M (1999) believes that the need for job interest or usefulness is higher on average th an the need for any other motivator. They stated that Professional and managerial people are more motivated for example by feeling of usefulness or interest than for opportunities to influence, achieve or be recognised. This factor suggests that the work place has to be structured in such a way that the employees find it useful and interesting and that in the absence of this factor, all other motivators will not work to full potential. (Sheila R Peter M, 1999).These 12 factors have covered in a way most motivating factors talked about by early exploreers in the topic.REISS AND HAVERCAMPS SENSITIVITY REINFORCEMENT THEORYAccording to Reiss and Havercamp (1996), sensitivity theory suggests that individuals differ in both the types of reinforcer they desire and in the type of reinforcement they need to satisfy them and that people crave withal much love, attention, acceptance, companionship or too much of some other of import reinforce are at the risk for peculiar behaviour becaus e normative behaviour does not produce the desired amount of reinforcement. This theory generally postulates the idea of individual differences in reinforcement effectiveness. In discussing the theory, Reiss and Havercamp (1996) defined the concept of reinforcement sensitivity as an individual difference in the reinforcing effectiveness of a fundamental motivator. They mention three key phases of this theory Reinforcing effectiveness, Individual difference and fundamental motivation.The high points of the theory according to Reiss and Havercamp (1996) are that the theory identifies individual differences in desired amount of reinforcement that is individual differences in rates of satisfaction, as an understudied and potentially important variable, suggesting that because people spend considerable time and energy seeking the reinforcement they desire, these individual differences may predict some person-environment interactions. Secondly, the theory suggests the need for research t o identify the fundamental sources of motivation. And finally, that a new theory in the development of psychopathology is suggested based on the assumption that different individuals not only desire different types of reinforcement but also desire widely varying amounts of each fundamental reinforcer.CONCLUSIONAPPLICATION OF MOTIVATION THEORIES IN THE BUILT environs AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYThe Built Environment and winding industry is a labour intensive industry therefore the application of motivation theories cant be ignored. The nature of the construction industry is different in the sense that it offers jobs which appeal to many people because of their interesting, challenging and rewarding nature (Birchall D.W 1977).According to Olomolaiye Ogunlana (1988) construction operatives in developing countries are faced with many problems unlike those experienced by their counterparts in developed countries. They believe the construction environment is different in terms of site org anisation, quality of supervision and availability of production resources, so also is their socio-economic environment. This environment produces a different worker probably motivated by different factors. In this situation, even when we have highly motivated labour force, it is not right to assume that their motivation will lead to higher productivity. Inability to produce as expected, could lead to frustration and de-motivation. Essentially, extrinsic factors such as good working condition, availability working materials and resources can go a long way in motivation construction workers in developing countries.In the construction industry like every other industry productivity is paramount. The motivation theories discussed in the earlier chapters have shown that productivity of workers is directly related to motivation. When workers are highly motivated the will put more efforts in order to achieve self-fulfilment from doing so, and thereby resulting in higher productivity (Lam and bladder fucus, 2003).Lam and Tang (2003), also added that motivation theories such as Maslows hierarchy of needs, Herzbergs Hygiene theory, McGregors X and Y theories, Vroomss expectancy theory, etc. are often applied to increase productivity in construction projects.Borcherding and Gamer (1981) in their view, have pointed out that there are certain factors that will cause dissatisfaction amongst construction workers. The factors include material availability, tool availability, overcrowded areas, inspection delays, incompetence of foremen, etc. and they also suggested that factors like good craftsman relationship, good orientation program, pay. Recognition, defined goals and projects well planned can motivate construction employees.In the application of motivation theories to the construction industry, Maslow and Herzbergs theories form the basis. Once a worker satisfies his/her physiological needs, he will strive towards satisfying safety and social needs. And then later on s eek to satisfy the needs of social belonging and self-actualization. In order to satisfy the construction workers physiological needs and increase motivation a suitable salary scheme and employment policy should be established (Lam and Tang, 2003). Lam and Tang (2000) also noted that though eccentric rewards such as salary and financial benefits do not motivate employees to high work performance, they could lower employee dissatisfaction.Construction companies should maintain a high level of security, health and safety policy at work environment in order to satisfy the safety needs of workers. Effective communication will also give them a g=feeling that their jobs are secured.For social and relationship needs to be satisfied in the construction industry, induction programs for new employees should be organised to introduce them to company objectives, other colleagues, the facilities and the working environment.The concepts above will motivate the construction workers in the nigglin g term.Lam Tang (2003) also suggested that to motivate the construction employees on the long term, the below listed approaches will come in handyProper resource management and job design.Life-long learning programs.Open door communication.Effective rewarding systems.Diverse and contingency style of leadership.Empowering and valuing construction employees.Continual assessments and improvement of motivation programs.In digest the study and application of motivational theories in management is a very essential tool for all managers in all works of life, especially when there are direct interactions with human beings.